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Effect of Lime on Some Geotechnical Properties of Igumale Shale
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture,
P.M.B.2373, Makurdi Benue state, Nigeria Agbede I. Olufemi Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2373, Makurdi Benue state, Nigeria | |
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ABSTRACT |
This paper reports the outcome of an investigation into the effect of lime on some geotechnical properties of Igumale shale, to ascertain its suitability for use as a modifier or stabilizer in the treatment of the shale. Classification tests, compaction test, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, were conducted on specimen of Igumale shale. Results of tests showed that Igumale shale was an A-7-6 soil, according to the AASHTO classification system. Liquid limit reduced from 72% at 0% lime to 60% at 14% lime content by dry weight of shale, the plastic limit increased from 27% at 0% lime to 41% at 14% lime content while the plasticity index reduced from 45% at 0% lime to 19% at 14% lime. The maximum dry density reduced from 1.51 Mg/m3 to 1.35 Mg/m3 at 14% lime. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results recorded maximum values of 1263 kN/m3, 1400 kN/m3 and 1480 kN/m3 at 8% lime content for 7, 14 and 28 days curing period respectively. At the optimum lime content, a maximum CBR value of 37 % was achieved. The improvements noticed in some of the geotechnical properties of Igumale Shale were not adequate for its use in roadwork. However, lime can be used as a modifier, in the stabilization of Igumale shale with cement or other additives. A third order polynomial model was found to predict reasonably well the relationship between strength indices (CBR and 7 day UCS) and the percentages of lime used.
Keywords: Igumale shale, Lime stabilization, Modifier, Roadwork, Strength indices, Models.
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