Analytical and Numerical Studies of Vertical Anchor Plates in Cohesionless Soils   Hamed Niroumand Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia(UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia e-mail: niroumandh@gmail.com Khairul Anuar Kassim Deputy Dean, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia(UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Ramli Nazir Associate Professor, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia(UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
			ABSTRACT

A history of theoretical and numerical studies of vertical anchor plates for the last sixty years is presented. To estimate the ultimate pullout capacity of vertical anchor plates a number of analytical and numerical methods, have been developed. Vertical anchor plates are used in different applications including seawall, retaining wall, excavations and etc. In the article takes place a discussion based on different theories and numerical studies in vertical anchor plates done by previous researchers. Analysis, beginning from Terzaghi (1943) until the most recent analysis are reviewed. This analysis was pioneered by Hansen (1953), Ovesen (1964), Biarez et al. (1965), Meyerhof (1973), Neely (1973), Das (1975) and Rowe and Davis (1982), Hanna (1998), Murray and Geddes (1989), Basudhar and Singah (1994), Merifield, Sloan and Yu (2006) are also discussed. The conclusion shows that previous theories and numerical studies agree closely with the results of experimental works.

Keywords: Vertical Anchor plates, Theoretical, Numerical, Loose Sand, Dense Sand, Retaining Wall.

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